Moving to a new country with children brings a host of considerations, and education is often at the top of the list. Portugal offers a variety of schooling options for expat families, from public schools to international and private institutions. This guide explores the Portuguese education system in depth, helping parents understand the options available and make informed decisions.
Portugal’s education system is structured into four main stages:
- Early Childhood Education (Educação Pré-Escolar): For children ages 3–5, this stage is optional but widely available.
- Primary Education (Ensino Básico): A nine-year stage divided into three cycles (ages 6–14).
- Secondary Education (Ensino Secundário): Three years of study, typically for students ages 15–18.
- Higher Education (Ensino Superior): For students pursuing university or polytechnic degrees.
Education is compulsory from ages 6 to 18, and schooling options include public, private, and international institutions.
Governing Bodies and Regulations
The Ministry of Education oversees Portuguese schools, ensuring standards in public and private institutions. For higher education, the Directorate-General for Higher Education (DGES) governs universities and polytechnics. International schools, though private, must still meet certain standards to operate in Portugal.
Types of Schools: Public, Private, and International
- Public Schools: Funded by the government and free for residents, with a curriculum taught in Portuguese.
- Private Schools: Offer smaller classes and varied programs, often with a mix of Portuguese and bilingual instruction.
- International Schools: Typically follow international curricula (British, American, or International Baccalaureate) and offer instruction in English or other languages.
Each type of school has distinct advantages depending on the child’s needs, family’s language preferences, and long-term plans.
Preschool and Early Childhood Education
Preschool in Portugal helps children develop social skills, basic literacy, and a sense of independence. Though not mandatory, early childhood education (ages 3–5) is encouraged. Most preschools are run by public institutions, though private options are available for those seeking bilingual or specialized education.
Public and Private Preschool Options
Public preschools, called Jardins de Infância, are free or low-cost and widely available. Private preschools, on the other hand, can offer smaller class sizes and special programs (e.g., Montessori or bilingual education). Many expat families opt for private preschools to ensure bilingual exposure early on.
Top Preschools In Portugal
| Preschool Name | Location | Curriculum(s) | Language(s) of Instruction | Age Range | Annual Tuition Fees (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jardim de Infância de Benfica | Lisbon | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 3–5 years | Free |
| Jardim de Infância de Cedofeita | Porto | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 3–5 years | Free |
| Jardim de Infância de Coimbra | Coimbra | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 3–5 years | Free |
| Astoria International School | Lisbon | International | English, Portuguese | 4 months–5 years | €6,000–€12,000 |
| Lisbon Montessori School | Lisbon | Montessori | English | 3–6 years | €7,000–€10,000 |
| Eden Montessori International School | Albufeira | Montessori | English, Portuguese | 3–12 years | €6,000–€9,000 |
| PaRK International School | Lisbon | Bilingual, Project-Based | English, Portuguese | 1–5 years | €7,500–€12,000 |
| International Sharing School | Lisbon, Madeira | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 4 months–5 years | €5,000–€10,000 |
| St. John’s School | Lisbon | British | English | 3–5 years | €6,000–€9,000 |
| International Preparatory School | Cascais | British | English | 3–11 years | €7,000–€11,000 |
Admission Process and Requirements
Enrollment typically occurs in spring for the upcoming academic year. Documents required include proof of residence, a birth certificate, and immunization records. Spaces in public preschools can be limited, so early application is advised, especially in urban areas.
Primary Education in Portugal
The primary education curriculum focuses on foundational subjects, including Portuguese, mathematics, environmental studies, and physical education. Starting in the third cycle, foreign language studies (usually English) become mandatory. Public schools follow a standardized curriculum, while private schools may offer additional subjects or specialized programs.
Public vs. Private Primary Education
Public schools offer high-quality education with qualified teachers and structured curricula. However, class sizes in public schools may be larger, and teaching is primarily in Portuguese. Private schools often provide bilingual programs, smaller classes, and more individualized attention, which may be advantageous for non-Portuguese-speaking students.
Top Primary Education Schools
| School Name | Location | Curriculum(s) | Language(s) of Instruction | Age Range | Annual Tuition Fees (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escola Básica e Secundária Clara de Resende | Porto | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 6–15 | Free |
| Escola Básica e Secundária Dona Filipa de Lencastre | Lisbon | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 6–15 | Free |
| Escola Básica e Secundária José Falcão | Coimbra | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 6–15 | Free |
| St. James’ Primary School | Lisbon | British, Portuguese | English, Portuguese | 6–10 | €7,600 |
| Redbridge School | Lisbon | Portuguese, French | English, French, Portuguese | 3–16 | €7,972–€17,645 |
| Prime School | Lisbon | British | English | 3–18 | €10,470–€18,780 |
| International Christian School of Cascais | Cascais | American, Christian | English | 3–18 | Not publicly disclosed |
| IPS Cascais British International School | Cascais | British | English | 3–14 | €11,239–€15,907 |
| St. Dominic’s International School | Lisbon | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 3–18 | €11,200–€20,500 |
| Oeiras International School | Oeiras | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 6–18 | €12,600–€20,680 |
Special Education and Support Services
Public and private schools offer support for students with learning disabilities or special needs. This includes individualized education plans, access to specialists, and accommodations as mandated by law. Parents of children with special needs should inquire early with schools to understand the services available and identify which institutions provide the best support.
Secondary Education in Portugal
Secondary education in Portugal (grades 10–12) prepares students for higher education or vocational training. The first year focuses on general education, after which students choose academic, scientific, or vocational tracks. The academic track prepares students for university, while vocational programs focus on specific trades and professional skills.
Curriculum Choices and Specializations
Students in secondary school choose between different pathways:
- Scientific-Humanistic: Emphasizes sciences, languages, and humanities, suitable for university preparation.
- Technological: Prepares students for careers in fields such as IT, mechanics, and healthcare.
- Artistic: For students interested in music, visual arts, and performing arts.
Preparing for Higher Education
Portugal’s higher education entrance exams, called Exames Nacionais, are required for university admission. Schools provide guidance counseling and support to help students prepare. Students interested in international universities may consider taking additional standardized tests, such as the SAT, alongside their Portuguese exams.
Top Secondary Education Schools
| School Name | Location | Curriculum(s) | Language(s) of Instruction | Age Range | Annual Tuition Fees (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escola Secundária Infanta D. Maria | Coimbra | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 15–18 | Free |
| Escola Secundária José Falcão | Coimbra | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 15–18 | Free |
| Escola Secundária Alves Martins | Viseu | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 15–18 | Free |
| Escola Secundária Clara de Resende | Porto | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 15–18 | Free |
| Escola Secundária Dona Filipa de Lencastre | Lisbon | National Curriculum | Portuguese | 15–18 | Free |
| St. Dominic’s International School | Lisbon | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 3–18 | €11,200–€20,500 |
| Oeiras International School | Oeiras | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 6–18 | €12,600–€20,680 |
| United Lisbon International School | Lisbon | International Baccalaureate (IB) | English | 3–18 | €11,074–€22,540 |
| Carlucci American International School | Sintra | American, International Baccalaureate | English | 3–18 | €10,368–€21,698 |
| St. Julian’s School | Carcavelos | British, International Baccalaureate | English, Portuguese | 3–18 | €10,750–€23,010 |
Higher Education in Portugal
Portugal’s higher education system comprises universities and polytechnics:
- Universities: Focus on theoretical and research-based education.
- Polytechnics: Emphasize practical and professional training in fields like engineering, healthcare, and business.
Top Universities in Portugal
| University Name | Location | Areas of Expertise | Language(s) of Instruction | Annual Tuition Fees (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Lisbon | Lisbon | Sciences, Engineering, Humanities | Portuguese, English | €3,000–€7,000 (for international students) |
| University of Porto | Porto | Engineering, Health, Economics | Portuguese, English | €2,000–€8,000 (for international students) |
| University of Coimbra | Coimbra | Law, Medicine, Humanities | Portuguese, English | €2,000–€7,000 (for international students) |
| NOVA University Lisbon | Lisbon | Business, Sciences, Law | Portuguese, English | €3,000–€7,000 (for international students) |
| University of Minho | Braga | Engineering, Social Sciences | Portuguese, English | €1,500–€6,500 (for international students) |
| University of Aveiro | Aveiro | Engineering, Environmental Sciences | Portuguese, English | €2,500–€6,000 (for international students) |
| Catholic University of Portugal | Lisbon | Business, Humanities, Law | Portuguese, English | €4,000–€9,000 |
| ISCTE – University Institute of Lisbon | Lisbon | Social Sciences, Business, Technology | Portuguese, English | €3,000–€6,000 (for international students) |
| University of Algarve | Faro | Marine Sciences, Tourism, Health | Portuguese, English | €2,000–€5,000 (for international students) |
| University of Beira Interior | Covilhã | Engineering, Health Sciences | Portuguese, English | €1,500–€4,500 (for international students) |
Application Process for Higher Education
Portuguese universities require applicants to submit their secondary education results and national exam scores. International students may apply through DGES and may need to take proficiency tests in Portuguese or English, depending on the program.
Tuition and Scholarship Opportunities
Tuition at public universities is affordable, averaging €1,000–€1,500 annually, with higher fees for non-EU students. Scholarships are available for outstanding students, including merit-based and need-based options.
International Schools in Portugal
International schools cater to expat families and follow foreign curricula, such as British, American, or International Baccalaureate (IB). They offer a multicultural environment, which can ease the transition for students new to Portugal.
Top International Schools in Lisbon, Porto, and Algarve
Some well-known international schools include:
- Carlucci American International School of Lisbon: American curriculum with an international community.
- St. Julian’s School in Carcavelos: Follows the British curriculum and offers IB.
- Nobel International School Algarve: British and international curricula, popular among expat families.
Curriculum Types: American, British, IB, and Others
The American system is popular among U.S. families, while the British system is well-suited for students aiming to study in the UK. The IB program is globally recognized and suitable for students who may attend university in various countries.
Costs and Admission Process for International Schools
International schools charge tuition ranging from €8,000 to €20,000 annually. Admissions require academic records, entrance exams, and an interview. Most schools accept applications year-round, though early application is recommended due to limited spaces.
Bilingual and Multilingual Education
Bilingual education benefits children by broadening their language skills, cognitive abilities, and social adaptability. With a growing expat community, Portugal has increased its bilingual offerings in both public and private schools, often teaching subjects in both Portuguese and English.
Public Schools with Bilingual Programs
Certain public schools, especially in Lisbon and Porto, offer bilingual programs where subjects like science and math are taught in English. This can be beneficial for expat children who are not yet fluent in Portuguese.
Private and International Schools Offering Multilingual Programs
Many private and international schools offer programs in Portuguese, English, and sometimes additional languages. These schools emphasize language development and ensure students are well-prepared for global opportunities.
Extracurricular Activities and Enrichment Programs
Extracurricular activities are a significant part of education in Portugal. Schools often offer:
- Sports: Soccer, tennis, swimming, and athletics.
- Arts: Drama, visual arts, music, and dance.
- Academic Clubs: Robotics, debate, language clubs.
Importance of Extracurriculars for Holistic Development
Engaging in extracurriculars fosters teamwork, discipline, and creativity, all of which contribute to students’ overall development. These activities also allow children to make friends, especially helpful for those adapting to a new country.
Opportunities for Art, Music, and Sports
Portugal values the arts, and many schools provide music, visual arts, and drama as part of their curriculum or as after-school activities. Sports are also widely available, with competitive programs in schools and community leagues.
Special Education in Portugal
Portugal has made strides toward inclusive education, with legislation requiring schools to accommodate students with disabilities. Public schools provide support services, while private schools may offer specialized programs.
Types of Special Education Programs Available
Special education resources include programs for students with learning disabilities, physical impairments, and developmental disorders. These programs often involve personalized instruction, specialized equipment, and trained professionals.
Support Services and Resources for Parents
Parents of children with special needs can find resources through schools and community groups. Organizations like Associação Pais-em-Rede provide support networks, advocacy, and information on navigating special education in Portugal.
Homeschooling in Portugal
Homeschooling is legal but regulated in Portugal. Parents must register with the Ministry of Education and ensure their children take annual exams to meet state standards. This option can be suitable for expat families who prefer a flexible curriculum.
Homeschooling Support Networks and Resources
Support networks like homeschooling associations offer guidance, resources, and social opportunities for homeschooling families. Many resources are available online, including educational programs that align with international curricula.
Practical Tips for Expat Parents
How to Choose the Right School for Your Child
Consider your child’s language abilities, learning style, and long-term educational goals. International schools are ideal for those looking to continue with a foreign curriculum, while public schools may be better suited for those planning a long-term stay.
Navigating the Enrollment Process as an Expat
Start early and gather necessary documents, such as proof of residence, academic records, and immunization records. For international schools, early applications and interviews may be required, especially for sought-after institutions.
Understanding Portuguese School Culture and Expectations
Portuguese schools emphasize respect, responsibility, and community involvement. Understanding local school culture, such as parent-teacher communication and holiday schedules, can help expat families integrate more easily.